In a double boiler or in a heatproof bowl set over a saucepan of simmering water, add egg whites, sugar, cream of tartar, and cornstarch. Whisk constantly until the sugar is fully dissolved and the mixture reaches 160 degrees F, about 3-5 minutes.
Transfer mixture to a stand mixer (or use a hand mixer) and beat on high speed until thick, glossy stiff peaks form, 5-7 minutes. Beat in vanilla.
Spread the meringue over the cooled lemon layer, using the back of a spoon to create swoops and peaks.
Toast with a kitchen torch or under your oven's broiler, until golden in spots.
Chill for at least 2 hours before slicing. To slice, use a sharp knife, wiping it clean with a hot, dry cloth between every cut.